j;=lrfha bvus m%YaKh

j;=lrfha bvus m%YaKh i,ld ne,SfusoS j;=lr ck;djf.a b;sydi l:dj ;=, th ia:dk.; fldg idlpspd lsrSu tu m%YaKh ms,snoj h:d wjfnDaOhla we;s lr .ekSug jeo.;a

fuu ck;dj ,xldjg iusnkaO jQfha n%s;dkH md,lhka furg f;a j;= lraudka;h wdrusN lsrSu;a iu.h' tjlg ,xldj yd bkaoshdj hk rgj,a folu n%s;dkH wOsrdcHfha hg; jscs; jQ fyhska foaYmd,kal yd Wml%usl fya;= u; j;= lrudka;hg wjYH Y%uh bkaoshdfjka f.k taug n%s;dkHfhda lghq;= l

f;a j.dj uq,skau wdruN jQfha 1870 fo,af;dg

1931 jk jsg ,laI 07 muK jQ fuu ck;dj j;= wdY%s; ,hsus ldur j, mosxps lrjSh' f;a j;= lraudka;h ioyd os.gu wjYHjk fkajdisl Y%uhla wjYHh jQ nejska nerelal udos,sfha l=vd ksjdi Tjqkaf.a jdiia:dk jsh' fudjqka tjlg jsfoaYsh Y%uslhka jQ nejska fudjqkaf.a whs;ajdislus" jD;a;Sh myiqlu yd Y=NidOk lghq;= ms,snoj lsisfjl= fjfyiS ke;' tfy;a ,xld iuiudc mlAIh fuu ck f;dgi fjkqfjka jsYd, jev fldgila bgq lf,ah'

1931 ,xld b;sydifha jeo.;a jraIhls' ta fvdkfudara fldusifus ksrafoAY u; ,dxlslhka yg irajck Pkao n,h ,enSuh' fuu wjia:dj tjlg ,xldfjs os.= l,la mosxpsj isgs j;= ck;djgo ,enqKs' TjqyQ rdcH uka;%K iNdj fjkqfjka bosrsm;a jQ wfmalaIlhka fjkq fjka ckaoh mdjspsps fldg jdudxYsl keUqrejla we;s msrsila jevsfhka f;dardm;a fldg hejSh' fuh miq ld,fhaos tlai;a cd;sl mlaIhg jsreoaOj Ndjs;d flreKs'

j;= ck;dj jsfYaI wranqoldrS ;;ajhlg m;a jQfha ,xldj 1948 os ksoyi ,eNsfuka miqj yd jsfYaIfhka tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh m%uqL rchla n,hg m;a jSu;a iu.h' 1948 jifraoS fuu rch f.k wd mqrjeis mk; yd ta iu.u f.k wd Pkao n, mk; wkqj ish,qu j;= ck;djf.a mqrjeis whs;sho Pkaon, whs;sho wysus flreKs' fudjqka —rgla ke;s ck;djla˜ njg tla rehlska m;ajsh' 1964 jk jsg —rgla ke;s˜ fuu ck;djf.a ixLHdj 975"000 la jsh' 1964 jifraos ,xldfja w.ue;s isrsud nKavdrkdh yd bkaoshdkq w.ue;s ,d,a nyoqra Ydia;S% w;aika l< isrsud-Ydia;S% .sjsiqu wkqj fuu ixLHdj 525000 la ioyd bkaoshdkq mqrjeisNsjh msrskeuSug;a 300"000 la ioyd ,xld mqrjeisNdjh msrskeuSug;a b;srs 150"000 miqj i,ld ne,Sug;a tl. jsh' miqj fuu 150"000 wvla ne.ska forg mqrjeisNdjh msrskeuSug tl. jsh' 1970 oYlfha w.Nd.fha W;aikak jQ B,dus hqoaOh ksid fuu .sjsiqus m%ldr bkaoSh mqrjeislu msrskeuQ ish,qu wh,qjka yg bkaoshdjg hEug bv m%ia:d fkd,enqKs' tu fya;=fjka furg b;srsj isgs msrsio we;=,;aj —bkaoSh iuNjhla˜ we;s ish,qu wh,qjkag ,xld mqrjeislu msrskeuSug 1982 oS tjlg ckdOsm;a fca wdra chjraOk tl. jsh'

fuu jsia;rh bosrsm;a lf

j;=ck;sjf.a bvus m%YaKh b;d ixlSraK tlls' thg n,mdk fndfyda fya;= we;'

m%:ufhkau fmdoq ,dxlslhka fuu m%cdj ie,l=fha —msgia;rhka˜ f,isks' Tjqkaj ks, jYfhkau yeoskajQfha —bkaoSh fou,˜ kusks' ta w;ru 1982 jifra Tjqkg mqrjeislu ysusjQ ld,fha isgu furg W.%jS ;snQ B,dus hqoaOh yd fudjqkaf.a ;snQ —fou< Ndjh˜ fya;=fjka bvus ysuslula ms,sno l:dlsrSuo urKsh b,a,Sula jsh'

fojkqj miq.sh oYl ;=kl muK ld,hl isg W.%fjuska mej;a —ckjdra.sl m%YaKh˜ o fuu ck;djf.a bvus ms,sno m%YaKh jsiod .ekSug ndOdjlaj mej;=Ks' fou< m%cdjlg —rg ueo˜ bvus whs;shla ,ndoSu isxy, wNs,dIhkag mgyeKs jsh' iuyr foaYmd,k{fhd mgq Pkaouh mrudra: Wfoid th biau;= lr fmkajSugo W;aiql jQy' Bvus wysus m%cdjlg rcfhka bvus ,ndoSu ms,snoj lsisoq mqrjeisfhla jsreoaOjkafka ke;' tfia bvus ,nd oqka iajrK N=us" ch N=us " r;ak N=us wdos jev igyka .Kkdjla l%shd;aul jsh' thg wu;rj uyje,s jHdmdr jeks jevigyka hgf;a f.dvska yd uvska bvus ,nd oqks ta lsis jev ms,sfj,lg ljqreka fyda jsreoaO jQfha ke;' tfy;a j;= ck;dj wrNhd th tfia fkdjSh'

f;jkqj fuu lreK ksidu iuyr j;= ck;dj ,ehsus ldurj, iduqyslj isgSu wdrlaIdjla f,I ie,l= w;r" fjku ;ksj jeiSug wlue;s jQy' 1980 .Kka j, f,dal nexl= wdOdr hgf;a l%shd;aul jQ —kevsid˜^miqj yonsu f,i kus l<& jev igyk hgf;a ,ndoqka bvus j,g fuu ck;dj hejSug tl.lrjd .ekSug jsYd, fjfyila .kakg isoqjsh'

isjqjkqj fuu m%cdj cSj;a jQ yd csj;a jk N=usfha whs;ah ms,snoj we;s jS we;s ixlSrK;ajhh' 1975 jirg fmr fuu ck;dj mosxps jS isgs yd fiajh l< N=usfha whs;sh ysusj ;snqfKa m%Odk jYfhka jsfoAYsh iud.us j,g yd ,dxlSh  Okj;=ka yd iud.us j,gh' tfyhska fuu m%cdjg bvus ,ndoSu ioyd Tjqkaf.a ukdmh ,nd.; hq;= jsh' 1975 ka miqj bvus m%;sixialrK mk; iu.u jsfoaYsh yd ,dxlSh iud.us i;=j ;snQ bvus j, whs;sh rch i;=jsh' fuu rch i;=jQ bvus l,ukdlrKh lsrSfus j.lSu mejrefKa rdcH jejs,s ixia:djg yd Ck;d j;= ixjraOk uKav,hgh' 1993 ka miqj fuu j;= h,s mqoa.,SlrKh lsrSu fya;=fjka fuu j;= j, l,ukdlrKh iud.us 23 g mejreKs' j;=j, whs;sh rch i;= jqjo bvus mdol lr.;a jejs,s lraudka;fha bvus j,g fuu iud.us j, wNsu;hg tfrysj l%shd lsrSug rchg fkdyels jsh'

miajkqj fuu j;= m%foY lsisoq rdcH wdh;khl md,k jmirshlg wod, fkdjS ;snSuh' fuu m%foaY j, fkdks, whs;sho md,kho k;= jkafka j;= md,lhdg yd wod, iud.ugh' WodyrKhla f,i fuu j;= tu m%foaY j,g wod, lsisoq m%dfoAYsh iNdjlg" k.r iNdjlg fyda uy k.r iNdjlg wh;a fkdfjs' tfyhskau fuu m,d;a wdh;k j," m,d;a iNd j, fyda uOHu wdKavqfjs ck;dj Wfoid l%shd;aul jk ixjrOk fyda Y=NidOk jev ms,sfj,la .%duSh m%foaYhl l%hd;aul jk wdldrfhkau j;=lrfha l%shd;aul fkdfjs"

ihjkqj fuu j;= wOsldrsjre yd wod, iud.us j, we;s j.lSfus iSud iys; Ndjhh' fuu j;= iud.usj, uQ,sl yd iuamQraKu j.lSula fjf;d;a th we;af;a —j;= luslrejka˜ yd — j;= fiajlhskaa˜ fjkqfjka muKs' —j;= luslrejka˜ yd — j;= fiajlhskaa˜ fkdjk fiiq j;= m%cdj Tjqkaf.a j.lSula fkdfjs yd fkdjk njo TjqyQ mqk mqkd lshd isgs;s' WodyrKhla f,i wn,ka ,hsusldur w,q;ajevshd lrkafka kus —j;= luslrejka˜ yd — j;= fiajlhskaa˜ fkdjk whf.a ,hsus ldur w,q;ajevshd lrkafka l=ulgoehs TjqyQ m%YaK lr;s' ta ioyd orK jshou lraudka;hla f,I iDOdrKshlrkafka flfiaoehs TjqyQ jsui;s' nerEreus m%YaKh we;af;a tysh' wo jk jsg o, jYfhka j;= m%cdjf.a ck.yKh ,laI 15 muK fjs' thska ,laI 06 muK jev lrkafka yd jevlrk ld,hg mosxpsj isgskafka j;=lrfhka msg;h' j;=j, oekg fiajh lrkafka 192"000 msrsila muKs' tfy;a fuu ,laI 15 fjasu uq,a ksji  fyda idudkH NdIdfjka lshk —.u˜ j;a;h' j;= iud.us j, j.lSu we;af;a Tjqkaf.au ;ralh wkqj 192"000 gh'^tu j.lSuo bgqj ke;s nj fjku lreKls æ & wksla w;ska rdcH wdh;kj,g fuu iud.us Ndrfha mj;sk j;= we;=,g lvdmeksho fkdyel'

=wys;lr˜ M, jsmdl .eko fndfyda wh wjOdkh fhduq lr we;' miq.sh ld,fhaoS j;= luslrejka yg mrapia 07 bvula ,nd oSfus jev ms,sfj,la l%shd;aul jqKs' tu jev ms,sfj, ms,snoj j;= iud.us nsh m, l< nj o jdra:d jsh' Tjqka olajd ;snqfKa tjka ;ks f.hla f.dv ke.Sfuka oekg j;=lrfha l%shd;aul jk —frcsfuska;= l%uh˜ wfydaisjk nj;a" hus wdldrhl iajdOsk yd ksoyia ukila we;s jSu j;=lrfha lghq;= lrf.k hEug ndOdjla jsh yels nj;ah' thska .uH jkafka tjka jev ms,sfj,lg l,ukdlrKfha wdYsrajdohla fkdue;s njh' Bka h,s .uHjkafka tjka jev ms,sfj,la ˜ll=f,ka weoSfus— ;;ajhka neyer l< fkdyels njh'

wo jk jsg ˜j;= lraudka;ho— we;af;a wranqohlh' wo jk jsg wfmalaIs; M,odjla ,nd .ekSug jsYd, jYfhka ridhkal fmdfydr yd j,a" os,Sr yd lDuskdYl fhojsh hq;=j we;' j;=lrfha N=usfha fidaod md,qj md,kh lr.; fkdyels ugagulska by, f.dia we;' jraIdj ld,hloS uyje,s .x.d ;o oqUqre meyehlska .,d hkafka fuu ire mi iu.h' fuh miq.sh ld,h mqrdjgu Ndjs;dl< jeros j.d l%u yd mrsmd,kfha m%:sM,hls' ˜iqoaokaf.a ld,fha— wruqK l=ula jqj;a fydoska j;= kv;a;= l< nj merKs jevsygs luslrefjda mji;s' fus ksidu wOsl fhojqus l< hq;= ksidu msrsjeh jevsjs we;' tA w;ru ridhkhka uqiq f;a j, b,a,qu my, neiSfus m%jk;djlao iS.%fhka u;=fjuska mj;s' wfkla w;g flkahdj jeks kj ksIamdolhska Tjqkaf.a msrsjeh wvqlruska mj;sk fyhska ,xld ksIamdok j,g ;r. lsrSfu yelshdj wvqfjuska mj;s' wfkla w;g j;= ck;dj fuu lraudka;fha we;s buy;a whym;a" wudkqIsl yd wOs iQrd lEfus mrsirh ;=, is.%fhka   lraudka;fhka bj;a fjuska mj;s' Y%u uQ,sl lraudka;hla jk j;= lraudka;hg kqoqfraoSu fuh n,j;a wNsfhda.hla jkq we;' fus jk jsg j;=lrfha wOHdmk ugsgu fmrg jvd by, f.dia isgSu ksid yd jsh hq;= mrsoafokau ;reK mrmqfra wfmalaId yd j;= relshd iumd; fkdjk ksid fuu Y%u .,Kh je,elajsh fkdyels jkq we;'

j;= m%cdjf.a bvus m%YaKhg yd wo f;a lraudka;h uqyqKfok wNsfhda.hkag uqyqK oSu ioyd hus idOkSh idlpspdjka fuu j;= m%cdjf.a yd wksl=;a nqoaOsu;=kaf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka fjuska mj;S'

ysgmq ckdOsm;s;=ud uqo,a weu;s jYfhka bosrsm;a l< 2013 wh-jel l:dfjsoS j;=lrfha bvus fylaghdr 37"000 fnod osh hq;= njg fhdckd lf

kj rcho —yrs; N=us˜ kuska j;=luslrejka 20000 la fjkqfjka  mrapia 07 ne.ska ksjdi f.dv k.d.ekSu ioyd bvus ,ndoSfus jev ms,sfj,la wdrusN lr we;'

j;= ck;djf.a bvus ysuslu fjkqfjka lghq;= lrk ˜j;=ck bvus ysuslu ioyd jk ck;d jHdmdrh— fus fjkqfjka jeo.;a fhdackd lsysmhla bosrsm;a lr we;' fuu fhdckd u.ska j;= ck;djg f.!rjkSh mqrjeishka f,i cSj;a jSug hus wjldYhla ,nd oSug;a" bvus ysuslu ms,sno l:sldjla wdrusn lsrSug;a yd oekg widra;l fjuska hk f;a lraudka;h hus ;r.ldrs njla ;=, l%shd;aul lr .ekSug;a wjYH idlpspduh moku ksraudKh fldg we;" fuu jHdmrh m%ldY fldg we;af;a ( oekg mdvq ,nk j;= j,ska wlalr 02 ne.ska j;= luslrejka yg jir 30 ioyd no oSug;a " fuu bvus f;a yd usY% fNd. j.djka f,i mrsir ys;ldus f.djs;eka l%u Ndjs;d fldg ire l< hq;= nj;a" j;= ksjdi ioyd mrapia 10 ne.ska ,nd oS j;= .usudk ksraudKh l< hq;= nj yd loqlr mrsisr moaO;sh yd rfga m%Odk c, fmdaIl m%foaY jk fuu l,dmh wkd.;.duS iqrlaIs; yd cd;sl jev ms,sfj,lska  wdjrKh l< hq;= nj;ah"

j;= m%cdjf.a bvus ms,sno m%YaKh we;=,q wfkl=;a iudc m%YaK yqfola Tjqkaf.a m%YaK muKla fkdfjs' fuhh uq,q uy;a rgg cd;shgu n,mdk m%YaK je,ls' fuu m%YaK jsiod .ekSfuSos cd;suh fyda wfjs.d;aul f,i w.;s.duS fkdjS  idOdrK f,i yd wkd.;.dus f,I jsiod.ekSug ueosy;a jSu cd;sl hq;=lfuls'

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