Plastic and Polythene Catastrophic

fus mqoqu wdKavqjg wNsfhda.hla æ

uE;loS m,jS ;snQ jdra;djlg wkqj wm isrs ,xldjg ;j;a  cd;Hka;r iusudkhla ,enS ;snqKs' ta uqyqog osrdm;a fkdjk le,s li, jevsfhkau tl;+lrk mia jk rg jSfus iusudkhhs' NsIKh" w;+reoykajSu"ckudOHh lrejkag wvusf;gsgus lsrSus jeks wuK iusudko fuhg fmr wmg ,enS ;snqKs'

wo ckiudch jsiska l+Kqlkao,a f,i tl;+lr jsislrk fgdka oioyia .Kkla jk —li,˜ ns,Quekav,a jeks l+Kq loqo uE;oS l+Kq;a iu. kdh.sh .usfmd, wusnq,qjdj jeks ia:dko idlaIs orhs' fuu Bkshd —li, l,uKdlrKh˜ lsisoq wra:hla ke;s m%,dmhla njg m;aj we;' bkaoshdfjs meje;s ,laIhl muK ck;djla iyNd.s jQ oejeka; f,dal iudc iuq,qjloS tu mrsY%h ioyd —iSfrda fjsiags˜ kuska ixl,amhla yoqkajd l%shd;aul flreKs' tys idra:l;ajh flfia fj;;a w,q;a woyila bka iudc.; flreKs' tys f;areu li, iqkH fyda iq,q m%udKhla jk f,i jk Ndjs;djls'  

wo isrs ,xldfjs m%Odk;u li<" jsfIaYfhka fkdosrk li, ksraudmlhd fmd,s;Ska yd ma,diagslah'

iq,q jeiailoS mjd c, mjyk moaO;shka iusmQraKfhka wjysr lsrSug fuu fmd,s;Ska yd ma,diagsla iu;ah' msgdr .,k ugsgfus wOsl jraIdjlska miq .ia je,ao' jeg lfvd,oq yd lgqlusns jegj,ao fuu fmd,s;ska j,ska irijd c,h nei f.dia we;s j. fndfyda fofkla oel we;" tfy;a fkdoelald fia isg we;' wo osklg tljrla muKla Ndjs;d fldg bj;,k —is,s is,s u,q˜ m%udKh fgdka ish .Kkls' ms.ka hyuska fidaod msrsisoq lsrsug lusue,sj yd n;a yd lEu jra. T;df.k hkakg Ndjs;d lr osklg bj;,k —,kaps Isgs˜ m%udKho ta yd iudkh' lsisoq jeo.eusulg ke;s yd lsisoq ,iaikla ke;s ieris,s j,g Ndjs;d lrk fmd,s;ska m%udKho ta W;aij m%udKh ydu ieifok wra: jsrys; jsYd, m%udKhls'

w,q;a cdjdrula jS we;s j;+r fnda;,a lsrsu yd Ndjs;d fldg bj;,k fnda;,a m%udKho osklg oi,laI ixLHjls" fuhg wu;r meKsnSu fnda;,a yd ish,qu f;,a fnfy;a jra." tfikaia jra." lS%usjr. wE fkdlS fulS ish,quoE yd ier nSu jra.o tjkafka ma,diagsla fnda;,a j, nydh' fhd.gs fldamamfha isg ngra ud.rska fgdmS fpdla,gs jeks oE o tkafka ma,diagsla Ndck j,h' iqmra udrlgs j, lrmsxpd T;d fokafkao ma,diagsla .a,dia fmamra tllh æ uqrelal+ nosk f;,g Tnd osh lr yrskafkao fuu jsislr ouk ,o fnda;,ah'

w,qf;kau js,dis;djla njg m;ajS we;s vsiafmdai,a frcsfmdaraus ,kaps fmgsgs yd tjeksu tljrlska jsislr ouk ma,diagsla fldamamo by; lS cd;Hdka;r iusudkh .ekSug odhl jQ .re lghq;+ oEh'

wm Ndjs;d lrk oE j, we;af;a —iSfrda fjsiags˜ fkdj —mq,a iafla,a fjsiagsh˜' wm Ndjs;d lrk oE jglruska ;sfnk fjSiag w;s jsYd, m%udKhls'

fmr oil 3-4 g fmr fjsiags wjuh' wm ksjfiys udralgs tlg f.k hEu ioyd fjsje,a l+v folla ;snQKs' tl, ius NdKav ixia:dj u.ska ;Sre ;+kl fudaia;rhla iys; b;d ir, u,a,la yoqkajd oqka njo u;lh' th brS osrdm;a jk f;lau Ndjs;d jsh' iuyr la,dla uy;ajre rcfhka Tjqkag oS ;snQ yus j,ska ksu l< —Tmsia nE.a˜a tflao ksjig wjYHh wvqu l+vqu f.k taug mqreoqj isgshy' ish,qu oshr jr. tjkq ,enQfha jSoqre fnda;,a j,h' ckm%sh w,shd —ndra,s˜ tjsfjso jsoqre fnda;,a j,h' th f.k taug —vsfmdaisgs˜ tllao ;ensh hq+;+h æ mrK fnda;,a j,go jsYd, b,a,qula ;snqKs' lEu f.khEugo ia:sr —,kaps fndlaia˜ ;snqKs' mdrai,hla wjYH jQfhakus msysgg wdfjs flfi,a fld,h' udraflgsgqfjas uia ud,q t;+fKa w,fld, j,h' fuSjd iemhSfuka oqmam;a mjq,a oyia .Kkla rg mqrd wdodhulao irs lr .;s' oeka ta ish,a, Okm;s lraudka; Yd,d i;+h'

wdKavqjo wmo b;d fydoska okakd lreKla we;' fmd,a;ska" ma,diagsla yd rscsfmdaraus Ndckj, wdydr weisrSu b;d jsI iys; yd fndfyda jsg ms,sld ldrlhka njh' meKsnSu fnda;,a wjsjg wkdjrKh jq jydu jsijk njh' mrsir oqIKfha wxl tfla js;a;lrejka fudjqka njh' wirK iS-iSmdjka fuu fmd,s;ska .s, oeuSfuka fjsokd iy.; urKhlg f.doqre jk njh' tfy;a wms lsisjla fkdlr jskdYhg bvoS n,d isgsuq'

fus ish,a, o;a fus mqoqu wdKavqjg wNsfhda.hla lrus'

mq,qjka kus ma,diagsla" fmd,s;ska yd rscsfmdaraus ;ykus lr fmkajkak' tfia nerskus w;HjYH foag yer  ma,diagsla" fmd,s;ska yd rscsfmdaraus Ndjs;h ;ykus lrkak' tfyu;a ners kus Ndjs;h wffOrah lsrSu ioyd jsYd, noaola wh lrkak'

wm fufia lshkafka fus ish,q oEg l,amj;sk" mrsir yd fi!LHh ys;ldus jsl,am ;sfhk ksidfjks'

tfy;a boqrd tlla oksus' wdKavqj udf.a wNsfhda.hg nh njh" th  ndr fkd.kakd njhæ

,,s;a wfnsisxy

 

"Free" Health Service in Sri Lanka

urKhg lemjqk ksoyia iqj fiajdjæ

isrs ,xldfjs oeka oeka frda.Syq by jyd f.diskah' fndajk frda.o fndafkdjk frda.o tlsfkld mrhuska bosrshg meusK we;' ta muKgu iqjfiajd n,OdrSkaf.a lhsjdrejo" iqj fiajd jD;a;slhskaf.a .id lEuo" wirK frda.ska wirKNdjh yd urK fragsgqjo jevsfjuska mj;S' n,OdrSka lshkafka fus ;rus ksoyia yd fkdus,fha fok iqj fiajdjla fus ;+kaf,dalfhau fkdue;s njh'

fuu zwm%ikakZ yeoskajSu ;+, zfojsjre noqZ ffjoHjrekao" fyo fyoshkao " iq,q fiajlhskao isgsk njo ioyka l, hq;+uh' tjka jD;a;slhska ms,snoj w;aoelSus yd wid lshjd oek.;a f;dr;+re rdYshlao wm i;+h' fuu ,smsh Tjqka wrThd fkdfjs'

,xldfjs mQraj yd miq ud;D idhk fiajdj jsYsIaG ugsgul ;sfnk nj o jsfYaIfhka tu fiajsldjkf.a oejeka; lemjSu fuu ;;a;ajh by,g f.k taug fya;+ jQ njo igyka l< hq;+uh'

ta w;ru ksoyia iqj fiajdj j, m,a,g huska ;sfnk njo i;Hhls'

tys f;areu iqj fiajdfjs zksoyiaZ lE,a, .s,syS huska ;sfnk njh' tfia .s,sfyuska hk jsgu ta yd iudk fjs.hlska n,OdrSkaf.a musfmdarsho jevsjSu frda.hlska uefrkjdg jvd jso.ekSug wiSre ldrKhls'

forK  udOHh cd,h jl+.vq frda.ska fidhd f.diska Tjqkaf.a oql jdra;d lrhs' uyr.u ms,sld frday,g ms,sld l,ska yoqkd .ekSug wjYHjk hka;%hla us,g .ekSug uyck wdOdr m;hs' isri .usueoafokao thg iudk oqlalkaordj,a jdra;d lrhs' iajraKjdyssksh yoj;a frda.skag fi; i,ihs' fus ish,a, m%pdrK yd fj

m;a;r lshjk jsg oskm;d wju jYfhka 10-12 frda.syQ ck;d Wm;ldrh   m;d we;s whqre olakg we;' jl+.vq b,a,d isgs;s' jsfoaYhl l< hq;+ remeh,a ,laI 30-50 muK jehjk ie;alula ioyd wdOdr b,a,;s' b;d meyeos,s ldrKh kus iqj lsrsug yels frda.hlska fmf,kakka uqo,a fkdue;slu ksid urKhg lemjk njh' fuu frda.Ska fndfyda wh ,dnd, jhfia whh' fydKavrhla muK nr fmd;anE.a oskm;d msfgs t,a,df.k hEu ksido" ojfika jevs meh .Kkla gshqIka mx;s j, b;d isyska nxl+j, f;rmS bof.k isgSu ksido wo ,dnd, isiqka w;r fndafjuska mj;sk me;sl+oh fyj;a fldoqweg fm, weojSfus frda.h" iqj lsrSu b;d jshous wOsl l%shdj,shls' m%;sldr fkdlrkafka kus iodld,sl wnsn.d; ;;a;ajhlg m;ajkakg fuu fkdorejka kshus;h'

Bfha oskfhaos reOsr mrSlaIdjla lr.ekSug mqoa.,sl ridhks.drhlg .sh jsg ug bosrsfhka isgs ldka;djla ffjoHjrhd jsiska kshu l< mrSlaIK lSmhla lr.ekSu ioyd ;+kavqj ljqkagrhg bosrsm;a l

wo  jek,a fikagra uy biamsrs;df,a TSmSvS jeksuh' w;s jsYd, msrsila fuu ia:dk j,g lvd jefo;s' fkdusurhla .ekSugo wudreh' ish,a, i,a,sldrhka fkdj' fndfyda wh ke;s ners lu usrsldf.k meusKs ke;sners whh' uilg kshu lrk ksrafoaYs; fnfy;a jgsfgdarefjka i;shlg muKla fnfy;a ref.k hkakkah' jrla yDofrda. jsfYaI{jrshla pek,a lrkakg f.dia weh yuqjk jsg fjS,dj rd;%S kjh yudrh' miqj isgs frda.shdf.a j.;+. jsuiuska isgsk jsg Tyq mejiQfha meusKsfha ;,jdlef,a isg njhæ fus rd;%sfha hkafka fldfyduoehs jsuiQ jsg lSfjs tosk yskaoq ixialD;sl Yd,dfjs kej;S miqosk hk njhæ thgo remsh,a ishhla yudrla jeh jkq we;'

uykqjr uyfrday,g iji 6 g muK hkafkl+g oel .ekSug yels iq,N oiqkla we;' ta jeiafia mskafka m;a;rhla t,df.k w.+ms,a j, isgsk ish.Kkla frda.Skah'tfia meusK we;af;a miqosk idhkhlgh' meusK we;af;a b;d oqr neyer isgh' fuh b;d myiqfjka jssiosug yels fohls'wjYHh jkafka fujr idhkfhaoS B,. idhkhg meusKsh hq;+ fjs,dj iys; zwefmdhsukags tllaZ oSu muKs' wlaIsfrda. jsfYaI{fhl+f,i fiajh l< jsfYaI{ ffjoH iSuka uy;d fuh wmQrejg lf

fuu flgs jsia;rfhka wm jeks rgl ksoyia iqj fiajdj ia:dmkh jS oshqKqjsh hq;+ wdldrh ms,snoj hus we.jqula ,ndfohs'

ish,qu ck;dj ioyd yd jsfYaIfhka wvq wdodhus iys; frda.Ska ioyd jsfYaIhla we;sj iuia: ksoyia iqj fiajdj ilia jsh hq;+h'

ish,q frda.Ska we;+,;a jsh hq;af;a ;u m%foaYfha we;s uQ,sl frday,gh' tys myiqlus fkdue;af;akus tu frda.shd myiqlus we;s frday,lg hejSu" jsfYaI{ ffjoHjrfhl+g fhduq lrjSu wdoS ish,q j.lSus Tjqka i;+h' rcfha frday,a j, fkdue;s" oekg frd.shdgu m%hsjg ;eklska lrf.k tkak kshu lrk ish,q mrSlaIK j, jshouo" msgska wrka tkak hehs lshk isrskacrfha isg ish,q jshous rch oersh hq;h' jsfoaY m%;sldr w;HjYH kus wod, ia:dk j,g hjd m%;sldr ,nd oSu rcfha meyer fkdyersh hq;+ j.lSula njg ,;a l< hq;+h' we;af;kau th rcfha j.lSuls' ue;s weu;s jre frda.sjQ jsg jydu ujqkags t,sin;a frday,g fhduq lrk f,io mqoa.,sl .+jkahdkd fyda f.kajd f.k  hjk f,io n,OdrSka zWmfoia oqkaZ wdldrh wm oel we;' wms fkdokakd jqkdg fndfyda ue;s weu;s jre iqjm;a jS we;af;a ckdOsm;s wruqof,a uqo,sksæ

tu l%shdj,sh fmdoq ck;djgo wod, jsh hq;+uh' frda.shd iqj lr ksjig hejSfus  j.lSu frda.shd ndr.;a uQ,sl frdayf,a ffjoHjrhdg  mejrsh hq;+h' fndfydajsg n,OdrSka m%YaK lrkafka fusjd lrkak rchg uqo,a fldfykao hkakh' rch iqj fiajdj ioyd jsYd, uqo,la jeh lrk njo i;Hhls' tfy;a th frda.shd iqjm;a lsrSug m%uKj;a ke;s njo i;Hhls' thg wu;rj ;j;a i;Hhla we;' tA wvq wdodhus ,nkakka o we;+,;aj furg ck;dj w;s jsYd, noq m%udKhla rchg f.jk njh' tu noq uqo,a jehlsrSfus m%uqL;d rch yoqkdf.k fkdue;s njh'

th yoqkajdoSug iqj fiajd we;+,q fjk;a jD;a;sh ius;s" uyck yd jD;a;shfjSos ixjsOdk fmruqK .; hq;+h'

th jug kus meyer fkdyershu yels j.lSuls'æ

,,s;a wfnsisxy

University Ragging !

irijs kjl joh- we;a; l:dlruq æ

wm irijshg we;+,;a jQ ld,fhaoS tkus fuhg oYl lSmhlg fmr" tl< isgs" uQ,sl jYfhka fojk jifra Bkshd —fcHaIG W;a;ufhda˜ kjl wm ieug kjljoh oSug ieoS meyeoS isgshy' ish,qu fkajdisld.dr j, rd;%sfhaoS b;d kskaos; yd jshre wdldrhg fuu kjljo l%shdj,sh iduqysl jYfhkao mqoa.,sl jYfhkao ,ndoSug fndfyda Bkshd  —fcHaIG W;a;ufhda˜ j.n,d .;ay' fuys  — fndfyda˜ hk jok fhoqfjs ish,qu fcaHIGhka tu ldrahfha fkdfhoqkq ksid  Tjqkg f.!rjhla f,ih' fuu kjljo oSu .eyeKqq msrsus fNaohlska f;drj isoqflrekq w;r Bkshd —fcHaIG W;a;udjsfhdaoa˜ thg fmruqK f.k isgshy' fuu kjl isiq-isiqjshkag jooSu fndfyda fcHaIG W;a;u W;a;udjsfhda ;u mru whs;shla f,i is;+ njo  fmfkkakg ;snqKs' tl< wdpdrah uKav, idudcsl idudcsldjkao fuu ish,q isoqjSus fkdoelald fia isgs njo ioyka l< hq;+h'

tl< jsYaj jsoHd, moaO;sfha YsIH ix.usj, n,h ord isgsfha Y%S ,xldfjs fldushqksiags mlaIhg wkqnoaO ,xld cd;sl YsIH ix.uhh' thg mrandysrj ,xld iuiudc$kj iuiudc mlaIhg wknoaO ,xld YsIH iusfuS,kho" fmardfoKsfha iudc wOHhk ljh jeks hus iajdOsk lKavdhus miq lf,l ck;d jsuqla;s fmruqKg iusnkaO iudcjdos YsIH ix.uho l%shd;aul fjuska ;snQKs' fuu lKavdhus j, kdhl ugsgus j, isiqyQ kjl isiqka yg b;du lreKdjka; f,i i,luska"  fiiaika fok —kjljo j,ska fnsrd .ksuskao˜ jsYd, f,i Wojs mojs l

kjljo isoqjSus woo ish,qu irijs j, isoqfjuska mj;s' tys ;Sj%;djh muKs fjkilg we;af;a' fndfyda irijs j, —kjljo jsfrdaOS˜ isiq lKavdhuso nsysjS we;' fndfyda wjia:dj,oS tu isiqkaf.a ysia m,d myr oS tu m%h;akhka miq neiaijSug kjljo lKavdhus n,j;a jS we;'

kjljo l%shdj,sh fohdldrhlska isoqjk nj fmfka' tys tla mdraYjhla kus isiq ix.us foaYmd,k l%shdj,sfhys fhoS isgsk isiq lKavdhus u.ska l%shd;aul jk kjljo l%shdj,shhs' wju jYfhka tjka m%n, fpdaokdjla t,a, jS we;' fkdtfiakus fjk;a isiq lKavdhus u.ska lrk ish,q kjljo l%shd f.dkaku irijs md,lhka jsiska Tjqkaf.a .skqug ner lrkq ,en we;' fojeks mdraYjh kus mqoa.,sl fyda lKavdhus f,i iEoS lsisoq foaYmd,k iusnkaOhla ke;s isiq isiqjsfhda jsiska fokq ,nk kjljohs'

fuhska m,uq jekak" kjl isiqkag foaYmd,k fldlalla .id .ekSfus m%h;akhg wod,h'  fuu.ska isiq Woaf.daIK ldrahhkag wjYHh msrsian,h imhd .eksu" fmdaiagr we,jSu wdoS lghq;+ j,g isiqka iusnkaO lr .ekSu wruqKhs' kjljoh fokq ,nkafka —foaYmd,k fldlalla˜ .id .ekSug kus" th isiqka foaYmd,ksl jYfhka oskd .ekSug orK widra:lu l%uh fjs' tfia jkafka" thg iunkaO jk isiqka fjsku"s Tjqka iusnkaO jkafka buy;a jQ ms,sl+,la iys;jh' th isiq ix.us foaYmd,khla bosrshg f.k hEfus Wmdhuh m%fjsYhla fkdjkafkah'

wfkla w;g irijshg tk iuyr isiqka" tys isiqka uqyqKmdk wOHdmksl" fkajdisld.dr" wdydr" wdpdrah uKav, wvqmdvq" jsIhud,dj ms,sno wvqmdvq" wju myiqlus  ms,sno oyil+;a tlla m%YaK ms,snoj jf.a j.la ke;sj fok foa ld fjk foa n,d f.k bjid f.k irijsfhka —wjqgs˜ fj,d  hk iajNdjfha who we;' isiq m%YaK n,mdkafka isiq ix.us foaYmd,kfha fhfok whg fkdfjs iuia: isiq mrmqrguh' tjka wjia:djkaySos fudjqka —weo f.k js;a˜ tu igk j,g iyNd.s lrjSugo kjljoh Ndjs;d lr;s'

wfkla lKavdhu yqoq kjljolrejkah' fydoska f;areus .; hq;af;a" fudjqka iEu tfllau W.% udkisl jHdOshlska fmf,k wh,qjka njh' cSjs;h ;+, lsisod wdorhla fkd,enQjkah' b;d oqraj, fm!reIhla   we;a;jqkah' mrmSvd lduql;ajhla yd w;sYh jslD;s ,sx.sl wensneyshka we;s whh' fudjqka fndfyda fofkla ldf.a fyda mSvdjkag yd wdOsm;Hhlg hg;a jS isgs wh,qjkah' nsfhka ief,uska wyxil uqj fmdjsjka fia w,qq;skau irijshg tk —w,q;a kej˜ fudjqkg isxy fjia .ekSug uy.+ wjia:djla lr .kakjqkah' fuu kjl isiq isiqjshka fndfyda jsg fuu jslD;s fcaHIGhskag jsreoaO fkdjk nj TjqyQ b;d fydoska oks;s' Tjqkg isxy fjia .ekSug lsisoq ndOdjla fkdue;s njo Tjqkg m%;HlaIh'

iuyr wh" w,q;a kefjka .eyeKq

m%:ufhka isiq ix.us l< hq;af;a n,j;aju iudc.; lr we;s kjljo fpdaokdfjka ;uka uqojd .ekSuh' ta" tys hgs wre;la we;s fyhsks' rchkag W;a;r fokak ners isiq igka bosrsfha isiq ix.us j,g tjka uia jeoaoka n|q fpdaokdjla oud .eiq jsg" Tjqkg iudch bosrsfha we;s hym;a m%;srEmh lusnia lr oeuSug yels ksidh'  flfia fj;;a we;a; ldrKh kus irijs md,lhka isiqkag kjljoh fkdfok njh' kjljoh fokq ,nkafka isiqkauh' th msgska meusfKk ;rackhla fyda uraOkhla fkdfjs' tksido" kjljoh iyuq,skau kj;d oeuSug fmruqK .; hq;af;a isiq ix.ush' by; jsia;r l< jslD;s ukia we;s w|nd,hkaf.a  kjljo l%shdj,sho iyuq,ska Wmqgd oeush hq;+h' thgo uQ,sl;ajh .; hq;af;a isiq ix.ush' wjYHfhkau kjl isiqka ish,q fokdf.a ish,q ugsgfus wdrlaIdj ie,ish hq;af;a Tjqkah' le

fufia ioyka lsrsfusoS b;d uE;oS le

fuu ls%hdj,sh f;areus .; hq;af;a m,,a wre;lsks' lsisoq wfhl+g wfkl+lg jo oSug lsisoq whs;ahla ke;' tjka jo osula oqgq$ weiQ jsg thg fldkafoAis jsrys;j jsreoaO jsh hq;+h' iuyr fcHIaGfhda mjik mrsos kjlhka irijs —Wm ixialD;shg˜ mqreoq-mqyqKq lsrSfus i;aNdjfhka kjljo fokq ,nk njh' fuh wreu mqoqu woyils' fuu Bkshd —Wm ixialD;sfha˜ whs;slrejka tfiakus fuu fcaHIaGhkah'  fuu Bkshd —Wm ixialD;sh˜  ldygj;a b.ekajsh fkdyel' kjlfhda " tjka  Wm ixialD;shla ;sfnskus thg wkq.; fj;s' wkq.; jsh hq;+uh lshd kS;shlao ke;' kjlhka yg tjka  Wm ixialD;shka fjkia lsrSugo whs;sh we;' tajd hdj;ald,Sk jkafka tjsgh'

fndfyda wh kjljoh ms,sno we;a; l:dlrkak nsh fj;s' th ldg fyda mlaIj fyda jsmlaIj l:d flraoehs ielfhks' th ;u foaYmd,k lKavdhus j,g wjdis fjs hehs ielfhks'

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fuu ,smsh uu fufia wjika lrus' wm irijshg we;+,;ajQ jifra wmf.au lKavdhfus fidhqrshla kjljoh bjid.kakg fkdyelsj rdukdoka Yd,dfjs by, ud,fhka osjslid .ekSug nsug mekafkah' wehf.a osjs fnSrd .ekSug yels jqjo" weh irijshg mh ;enQ js.i" fuu wudkqYsl" kskaos;" jslD;s  kjljoldrshka reila ksid wnsn.d;fhl+ f,i n,j;aj frda.d;+rj h,s ksjig yrjd hejsKs' ;ukaf.a;a ;u mjqf,a;a oyil+;a tlla wkd.; n,dfmdfrd;a;+ fmdos neof.k meusKs weh wog;a WmdOsho" cSjs;ho wysusj frdao mqgqjl osjs f.jk wnsn.d;fhls' weh" wehg;a foudmshkag;a uq,q uy;a mjq,g;a fudk ;rus nrla jkakg weoao@ wehg kjljoh oqka Bkshd —fcHaIG W;a;udjshka˜ wo jk jsg WmdOsho ,nd iuyr jsg mYapd;a WmdOsho ,nd rels rlaId fldg orejka jod yod iemfia jsY%du osjsh .; lrkq we;'

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fuu ck;dj ,xldjg iusnkaO jQfha n%s;dkH md,lhka furg f;a j;= lraudka;h wdrusN lsrSu;a iu.h' tjlg ,xldj yd bkaoshdj hk rgj,a folu n%s;dkH wOsrdcHfha hg; jscs; jQ fyhska foaYmd,kal yd Wml%usl fya;= u; j;= lrudka;hg wjYH Y%uh bkaoshdfjka f.k taug n%s;dkHfhda lghq;= l

f;a j.dj uq,skau wdruN jQfha 1870 fo,af;dg

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1931 ,xld b;sydifha jeo.;a jraIhls' ta fvdkfudara fldusifus ksrafoAY u; ,dxlslhka yg irajck Pkao n,h ,enSuh' fuu wjia:dj tjlg ,xldfjs os.= l,la mosxpsj isgs j;= ck;djgo ,enqKs' TjqyQ rdcH uka;%K iNdj fjkqfjka bosrsm;a jQ wfmalaIlhka fjkq fjka ckaoh mdjspsps fldg jdudxYsl keUqrejla we;s msrsila jevsfhka f;dardm;a fldg hejSh' fuh miq ld,fhaos tlai;a cd;sl mlaIhg jsreoaOj Ndjs;d flreKs'

j;= ck;dj jsfYaI wranqoldrS ;;ajhlg m;a jQfha ,xldj 1948 os ksoyi ,eNsfuka miqj yd jsfYaIfhka tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh m%uqL rchla n,hg m;a jSu;a iu.h' 1948 jifraoS fuu rch f.k wd mqrjeis mk; yd ta iu.u f.k wd Pkao n, mk; wkqj ish,qu j;= ck;djf.a mqrjeis whs;sho Pkaon, whs;sho wysus flreKs' fudjqka —rgla ke;s ck;djla˜ njg tla rehlska m;ajsh' 1964 jk jsg —rgla ke;s˜ fuu ck;djf.a ixLHdj 975"000 la jsh' 1964 jifraos ,xldfja w.ue;s isrsud nKavdrkdh yd bkaoshdkq w.ue;s ,d,a nyoqra Ydia;S% w;aika l< isrsud-Ydia;S% .sjsiqu wkqj fuu ixLHdj 525000 la ioyd bkaoshdkq mqrjeisNsjh msrskeuSug;a 300"000 la ioyd ,xld mqrjeisNdjh msrskeuSug;a b;srs 150"000 miqj i,ld ne,Sug;a tl. jsh' miqj fuu 150"000 wvla ne.ska forg mqrjeisNdjh msrskeuSug tl. jsh' 1970 oYlfha w.Nd.fha W;aikak jQ B,dus hqoaOh ksid fuu .sjsiqus m%ldr bkaoSh mqrjeislu msrskeuQ ish,qu wh,qjka yg bkaoshdjg hEug bv m%ia:d fkd,enqKs' tu fya;=fjka furg b;srsj isgs msrsio we;=,;aj —bkaoSh iuNjhla˜ we;s ish,qu wh,qjkag ,xld mqrjeislu msrskeuSug 1982 oS tjlg ckdOsm;a fca wdra chjraOk tl. jsh'

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m%:ufhkau fmdoq ,dxlslhka fuu m%cdj ie,l=fha —msgia;rhka˜ f,isks' Tjqkaj ks, jYfhkau yeoskajQfha —bkaoSh fou,˜ kusks' ta w;ru 1982 jifra Tjqkg mqrjeislu ysusjQ ld,fha isgu furg W.%jS ;snQ B,dus hqoaOh yd fudjqkaf.a ;snQ —fou< Ndjh˜ fya;=fjka bvus ysuslula ms,sno l:dlsrSuo urKsh b,a,Sula jsh'

fojkqj miq.sh oYl ;=kl muK ld,hl isg W.%fjuska mej;a —ckjdra.sl m%YaKh˜ o fuu ck;djf.a bvus ms,sno m%YaKh jsiod .ekSug ndOdjlaj mej;=Ks' fou< m%cdjlg —rg ueo˜ bvus whs;shla ,ndoSu isxy, wNs,dIhkag mgyeKs jsh' iuyr foaYmd,k{fhd mgq Pkaouh mrudra: Wfoid th biau;= lr fmkajSugo W;aiql jQy' Bvus wysus m%cdjlg rcfhka bvus ,ndoSu ms,snoj lsisoq mqrjeisfhla jsreoaOjkafka ke;' tfia bvus ,nd oqka iajrK N=us" ch N=us " r;ak N=us wdos jev igyka .Kkdjla l%shd;aul jsh' thg wu;rj uyje,s jHdmdr jeks jevigyka hgf;a f.dvska yd uvska bvus ,nd oqks ta lsis jev ms,sfj,lg ljqreka fyda jsreoaO jQfha ke;' tfy;a j;= ck;dj wrNhd th tfia fkdjSh'

f;jkqj fuu lreK ksidu iuyr j;= ck;dj ,ehsus ldurj, iduqyslj isgSu wdrlaIdjla f,I ie,l= w;r" fjku ;ksj jeiSug wlue;s jQy' 1980 .Kka j, f,dal nexl= wdOdr hgf;a l%shd;aul jQ —kevsid˜^miqj yonsu f,i kus l<& jev igyk hgf;a ,ndoqka bvus j,g fuu ck;dj hejSug tl.lrjd .ekSug jsYd, fjfyila .kakg isoqjsh'

isjqjkqj fuu m%cdj cSj;a jQ yd csj;a jk N=usfha whs;ah ms,snoj we;s jS we;s ixlSrK;ajhh' 1975 jirg fmr fuu ck;dj mosxps jS isgs yd fiajh l< N=usfha whs;sh ysusj ;snqfKa m%Odk jYfhka jsfoAYsh iud.us j,g yd ,dxlSh  Okj;=ka yd iud.us j,gh' tfyhska fuu m%cdjg bvus ,ndoSu ioyd Tjqkaf.a ukdmh ,nd.; hq;= jsh' 1975 ka miqj bvus m%;sixialrK mk; iu.u jsfoaYsh yd ,dxlSh iud.us i;=j ;snQ bvus j, whs;sh rch i;=jsh' fuu rch i;=jQ bvus l,ukdlrKh lsrSfus j.lSu mejrefKa rdcH jejs,s ixia:djg yd Ck;d j;= ixjraOk uKav,hgh' 1993 ka miqj fuu j;= h,s mqoa.,SlrKh lsrSu fya;=fjka fuu j;= j, l,ukdlrKh iud.us 23 g mejreKs' j;=j, whs;sh rch i;= jqjo bvus mdol lr.;a jejs,s lraudka;fha bvus j,g fuu iud.us j, wNsu;hg tfrysj l%shd lsrSug rchg fkdyels jsh'

miajkqj fuu j;= m%foY lsisoq rdcH wdh;khl md,k jmirshlg wod, fkdjS ;snSuh' fuu m%foaY j, fkdks, whs;sho md,kho k;= jkafka j;= md,lhdg yd wod, iud.ugh' WodyrKhla f,i fuu j;= tu m%foaY j,g wod, lsisoq m%dfoAYsh iNdjlg" k.r iNdjlg fyda uy k.r iNdjlg wh;a fkdfjs' tfyhskau fuu m,d;a wdh;k j," m,d;a iNd j, fyda uOHu wdKavqfjs ck;dj Wfoid l%shd;aul jk ixjrOk fyda Y=NidOk jev ms,sfj,la .%duSh m%foaYhl l%hd;aul jk wdldrfhkau j;=lrfha l%shd;aul fkdfjs"

ihjkqj fuu j;= wOsldrsjre yd wod, iud.us j, we;s j.lSfus iSud iys; Ndjhh' fuu j;= iud.usj, uQ,sl yd iuamQraKu j.lSula fjf;d;a th we;af;a —j;= luslrejka˜ yd — j;= fiajlhskaa˜ fjkqfjka muKs' —j;= luslrejka˜ yd — j;= fiajlhskaa˜ fkdjk fiiq j;= m%cdj Tjqkaf.a j.lSula fkdfjs yd fkdjk njo TjqyQ mqk mqkd lshd isgs;s' WodyrKhla f,i wn,ka ,hsusldur w,q;ajevshd lrkafka kus —j;= luslrejka˜ yd — j;= fiajlhskaa˜ fkdjk whf.a ,hsus ldur w,q;ajevshd lrkafka l=ulgoehs TjqyQ m%YaK lr;s' ta ioyd orK jshou lraudka;hla f,I iDOdrKshlrkafka flfiaoehs TjqyQ jsui;s' nerEreus m%YaKh we;af;a tysh' wo jk jsg o, jYfhka j;= m%cdjf.a ck.yKh ,laI 15 muK fjs' thska ,laI 06 muK jev lrkafka yd jevlrk ld,hg mosxpsj isgskafka j;=lrfhka msg;h' j;=j, oekg fiajh lrkafka 192"000 msrsila muKs' tfy;a fuu ,laI 15 fjasu uq,a ksji  fyda idudkH NdIdfjka lshk —.u˜ j;a;h' j;= iud.us j, j.lSu we;af;a Tjqkaf.au ;ralh wkqj 192"000 gh'^tu j.lSuo bgqj ke;s nj fjku lreKls æ & wksla w;ska rdcH wdh;kj,g fuu iud.us Ndrfha mj;sk j;= we;=,g lvdmeksho fkdyel'

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 zf.djs;ekZ wo jk jsg fkdl, hq;+ zlraudka;hlaZ yd zcSjfkdmdhlaZ njg iudc.; fldg yudrh' f.djskau fuu W;+us lraudka;h ;u orejkag kus Wreu fkdlrk njg ;Skaoq fldg yudrh' ta wo jk jsg th  zlraudka;hlaZ fkdj zlreuhlaZ njg m;ajS fyda m;a fldg wjidk nejsks' uE;loS y.+rkafl; m%foaYfhaoS f.djs uy;au uy;auSka ish .Kklf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka mej;s reiajSuloS" ;u orejka f.djs;efkys ksfh,kjd olakakg leue;s wh isgSkus w; Tijk f,ig b,a,Sula lf

fufia w;yefrkakg hkafka fkdtfiakus f,dj mqrd fjfik ns,shk .Kkla jk idudkHh oqmam;a iq¿ mrsudK f.djskaf.ka meyer .kakg hkafka w;s jsYd, oejeka;;u Ok ksOdkhls' wo f,djg osklg wdydr fjS,a lshjd .kakg;a wmyiq 21"000"000"000"000 la wjYHh'^ns,shk jsis tlla& tA tl osklgh' uilg th wdydr fjs,a 630"000"000"000"000 ls' jirlg th 7"560"000"000"000"000 ls' fuys we;s lshjd .kakg;a wmyiq b,lalu ;uka i;+ lr.ekSu fjkqfjka zfiiafidaZ TSkEu cv jevla lrkak ,Eia;s nj b;sydih wmg lshd fohs' fuu uyd Ok ksOdkh f.djSkaf.ka Woqrdf.k uyd mrsudK nyqcd;sl iud.us i;+lr .ekSfus uyd l+uka;%Khla f,dj mqrd osh;a fjuska mj;S' ,xldfjs kus osklg wdydr fjS,a 600"000"000 ls' uilg fjS,a 18"000"000"000 ls' jirlg fjs,a 216"000"000"000 lsæ tfyhska ,xldfjs f.djSkao tu l+uka;%Khg cd;sl jYfhka yiqjk tla fldgils'

wdydr hkq cSjskafa.a mK-k, h' cSjskafa.a mK-k, .efyk ;+rdjg ,dN bmhsh yels uyd iusm;ls' tksidu fuh iud.us j,g uyd Ok ksOdkhls' f,dj mqrd fuu wiucacd;s oqIaG iud.us j;+r jsl+Kd msmdifhka  uefrkakg hk usksiqkaf.a idmsmdidj jsl+Kka luska fvd,ra g%s,shka .Kka ,dN ,n;s' urKh wNshi isgsk" fuu iud.us u.skau f,v lrjQ ns,shk ixLHd; frda.skag fnfy;a jsl+Kuska  tjeksu ,dN ,n;s' th wo f,dfjys fojk oejeka;u ,dN ,nk lraudka;hh' wo f,dalfha oejeka;;u ,dN ,nk m,uq lraudka;h l+ulaoehs lshk jsg mqoqu fkdjkak' tA hqO wjs lraudka;hhs æ usksiqka oi oyia .Kka tljr urd oukakg" jir ish oyia .Kka ld,hla mqrd yrsyusn lr.;a oekqfuka oyvsfhka uykaisfhka f.dvk.d .;a udkj ixy;sfha Wreuhka foam, f.dvke.s,s fudfyd;lska iqkak;sOQ,s lrk lraudka;h wo oejeka;;u ,dN Wmhk lraudka;h njg m;ajS we;' usksia jra.hd iduqysl >d;khlg ,la lrk lraudka;h f,dj m%uqLu lraudka;hehs ms,s f.k  zcSj;ajkZ wmg" f.djs jHdmrhla fkdue;s lu lcaclao @ fuu zcSj;ajSuZ wm ysi u;g —fiiafida˜ ,dN Wmhk fndausnhla m;s; jk f;la muKs' fus .ek lreKq lshkakg" myod fokakg" ;u oE;ska .s,syS hk ;u cSjfkdmdh rel .kakg ueosy;a jk f.djs jHdmdrhla wo ke;' ke;skus tu udye.s jHdmdrh ke;s lr oud we;'

ziq¿ OfkaYajrZ f.djSka iudc m%.uKhg fyda iudc fjkilg iyNd.s lr .ekSug fkdyels msrsila f,ig wra: olajd we;' Bkshd jsoaj;+ka tfia lshd-,shd we;' thska" wdydr ksmojQjo  orso%;djfha m;+f,a isgsk" id.skafkkao fmf,k mSvs; ns,shk .Kkla jk iq¿ f.djshkaf.a oejeka;u iudc ;Srejla " jsoaj;+af.a Bkshd kHdhd;aul u. fmkajSu ;+, iudc wr.,j,ska neyer lr we;' tfy;a wjfndaOlr .; hq;af;a yd fuu iq¿ f.djs uyd ck ia:rhg wjfndAO lr osh hq;af;a Tjqka iudc m%.uKfha yd hym;a iudc fjkila ioyd jk wr.,fhaoS w;sYh ;SrKd;aul .dul n,fjS.hla njh' Tjqka iud.us yd md,lhka jsiska iajhx kso%djlg m;a lr we;af;a oekqj;aju tA ksidh' 1917 oS f,dj m%d.aOkh m%uQLjQ l+rsre iQrdlEug tfrysj f,kska reishdfjsoS osh;a l< uyd jsma,jh f.djs ck;djo mx.+ldrhka lr .;a tlls' reishdkq jsma,jfha igkamdguh jpk ;snqfKa ;+kls' ta" bvus" iduh yd mdka h' bvus hkafkka woyia jQfha usksiqkag ksjdi yod .kakg mrapia 10-15 oSu fkdj" f.djSkag j.d lrkakg bvus ,nd oSuh' tys *elagrshla .ek ioyka fkdjqKs' 1949 pSk jsma,jfhaoS udTs fia;+x l< uyd md.uk wdfjs *elagrs yryd fkdj f.djsnsus yrydh' tfyhskau f.djs ck;dj ksrsjskaokh fldg iuc wr., j,ska neyer lrjk j| kHdhka m%:ufhka f.djs ck;d is;a i;ka ;+,ska neyer lrjsh hq;+h'

f,dj mqrd wo iq¿ f.djSyQ ixjsOdkh fjuska isgs;s' z,d jshd leusmiskdZ^f.djskaf.a u.& kus uQ,slj n%is,fha f.djs kdhlhska jsiska werUs cd;Hdka;r f.djs ixjsOdkhla tjka tla m%h;akhls' tys idudcsl ixLHdj us,shk 200 miq lr we;' z,d jshd leusmiskdZ jraOkh jSu ms,sno nyq cd;sl iud.us wo i,s; jS isgs;s' th zcd;Hdka;r ixjsOdkhlaZ lsjQ muKska i,s; jS jsi{ fkdjsh hq;+h' tho wm ysia-ys;a ;+, fydjd we;s NS;shls' fus kus ierfikafka zcd;Hdka;r l+uka;%KhlgZ hehs fudflla fyda lshkq we;' tys f;areu Okjdos rdcHhkao" nyq cd;sl iud.us o cd;Hka;rj ixjsOdkh jS yjqf,a iQrd lEj;a wms wfma cd;Hka;r i.hska iu. w;a je,a neo fkd.; hq;+ njh' tys f;areula we;' tfia wmg Wmfoia fok wh tys f;areu ukdj oks' tA wm uyd n,hla njh' thg ixjsOdkh jSug bv fkd;ensh hq;+ njh' cd;sl uggfusoSo f.djSka isxy,"fou<" uqia,sus hehs fNao l< hq;+h' tjsg cd;sl f.djs jHdmdrhla f.dv kef.kafka ke;h' zcd;Hdka;r l+uka;%KZ l:dj f.djSkaf.a ysia-ys;a ;+, reojQ jsg cd;Hka;r f.djs jHdmdr l:djo bjrh'

tfy;a ns,shk .Kklf.a yd f,dj ieuf.a wdydr yd cSj;ajSfus whs;sh fjkqfjka wm ixjsOdkh jsh hq;+j we;' tfyhskau ish,q fNao bj; oud l< yels mq,q,au f;areulska ;ju;a ke;s zcd;sl f.djs jHdmdrhZ wo nsys lr.; hq;+ fjuqæ

,,s;a wfnSisxy

2016

Land for the Tea Plantation People !

j;=lrfha ck;djg;a bvus æ

,xldfjs nyq;r oqmam;a ck;djg ;ukaf.au lshd bvula lvula ;ju ke;' bvuu uq,a lrf.k f.djs;ekska cSjsldj .eg .id.kakd iq,q mrsudK f.djshkago bvus ke; hkak mqoquhg lreKla jqj;a we;a;ls' TjqyQ tlaflda —wkjir˜ bvus —w,a,d f.k˜ isgsk —kS;s jsfrdaOS˜ jev lrk lulg ke;s msrsils' ke;skus fuu bvus ke;s f.djSyq noq fyda w| mokfus f.djs;eka lr;s' fuu oreKq bvus wysus fLsojdplh W;alraYhg ler,sldr ugsguskau biau;a;g wdfjs 1971 lere,af,ks' 1971 cjsfm kdhl;ajfhka l%shd;aul l< lere,a, fkdjkakg mqoa.,sl bvus ysuslu wlalr 50 lg iSud flreKq 1975 bvus m%;sixialrK mk;la wo jk jsgo furfgys ke;' furfgs bvus whs;sh jsma,jldrS fjkilg Ndckh jSfus iusmQraK f.!rjh ysusjsh hq;af;a hym;a iudc wfmalaIdjla fjkqfjka osjs msoQ ;reK ;reKshkagh'

bvus wysus ck;djg bvus ,ndoSfus jev ms,sfj,lg ro, udkisl;ajhlska T,qj bosuqjdf.k isgsk msiaika yer fjk ljqreka fyda jsreoaOjkafka ke;" jsreoaOjSo ke;' iajraK N=us" ch N=us "r;ak N=us "yrs; N=us jeks kus j,ska tjka iq,q bvus ,ndoSus l%shd;aul jS we;' tfy;a j;=ck;djg bvus ,ndoSfuSos tjeks hym;a iudc m%;spdrhla Tjqkg ,enS ke;' tfy;a w;sYh jgskd bvus wlalr oyia .Kka mej;s rchka jsiska furg yd msgrg iud.us j,g jsl=Kd ouk jsg thg nyq;r ck;djf.ka jsreoaO;ajhla m,jkafkao ke;' fuh Okm;s rchka jsiska ksraus; iudc fLsojdplhls'

wo jk jsg m%cdjla f,i cd;sl bvusysus oraYlfha wju bvusysus m%;sY;hlg ysuslus lshkafka j;= m%cdjh'

j;=lrfha bvus m%YaKh i,ld ne,SfusoS j;=lr ck;djf.a b;sydi l:dj ;=, th ia:dk.; fldg idlpspd lsrSu tu m%YaKh ms,snoj h:d wjfnDaOhla we;s lr .ekSug jeo.;a fjs'

fuu ck;dj ,xldjg iusnkaO jQfha n%s;dkH md,lhka furg f;a j;= lraudka;h wdrusN lsrSu;a iu.h' tjlg ,xldj yd bkaoshdj hk rgj,a folu n%s;dkH wOsrdcHfha hg;a jscs; jQ fyhska foaYmd,ksl yd Wml%usl fya;= u; j;= lraudka;hg wjYH Y%uh bkaoshdfjka f.k taug n%s;dkHfhda lghq;= l

f;a j.dj uq,skau wdrusN jQfha 1870 fo,af;dg ,Qq,aloqr j;=hdfhks' 1875 wlalr 1080 lska wdrusN jQ f;a j.dj 1930 jk jsg wlalr 473"000 la olajd jHdma; jsh' thg wkqrEmSj bkaoshdfjka furgg f.k tk ,o luslre ck;dj 1871 jifraoS 116"000 m%udKhlska wdrusN jS 1931 jk jsg 693"000 la olajd jraOkh jsh' fuu —bkaoSh iuNjhla we;s fou<˜ ck;dj uQ,sl jYfhka mosxjs jQfha f;a j.dj jHdma; jQ uOHu loqlrh wdY%s;jh'

1931 jk jsg ,laI 07 muK jQ fuu ck;dj j;= wdY%s; ,hsus ldur j, mosxps lrjSh' f;a j;= lraudka;h ioyd os.gu wjYHjk fkajdisl Y%uhla wjYHh jQ nejska nerelal udos,sfha l=vd ksjdi Tjqkaf.a jdiia:dk jsh' fudjqka tjlg jsfoaYsh Y%uslhka jQ nejska fudjqkaf.a whs;ajdislus" jD;a;Sh myiqlus yd Y=NidOk lghq;= ms,snoj lsisfjl= fjfyiS ke;' tfy;a ,xld iuiudc mlAIh fuu ck fldgi fjkqfjka jsYd, jev fldgila uq,a ld,fhaoS bgq lf,ah'

1931 ,xld b;sydifha jeo.;a jraIhls' ta fvdkfudara fldusifus ksrafoAY u; ,dxlslhka yg irajck Pkao n,h ,enSuh' fuu wjia:dj tjlg ,xldfjs os.= l,la mosxpsj isgs j;= ck;djgo ,enqKs' TjqyQ rdcH uka;%K iNdj fjkqfjka bosrsm;a jQ wfmalaIlhka fjkq fjka ckaoh mdjspsps fldg jdudxYsl keUqrejla we;s msrsila jevsfhka f;dardm;a fldg hejSh' fuh ksoyiska miq ld,fhaos tlai;a cd;sl mlaIhg jsreoaOj Ndjs;d flreKs'

j;= ck;dj jsfYaI wranqoldrS ;;ajhlg m;a jQfha ,xldj 1948 os ksoyi ,ensfuka miqj yd jsfYaIfhka tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh m%uqL rchla n,hg m;a jSu;a iu.h' 1948 jifraoS tcdm m%uqL rch f.k wd mqrjeis mk; yd ta iu.u f.k wd Pkao n, mk; wkqj ish,qu j;= ck;djf.a mqrjeis whs;sho Pkaon, whs;sho wysus flreKs' fudjqka —rgla ke;s ck;djla˜ njg tla rehlska m;ajsh' 1964 jk jsg —rgla ke;s˜ fuu ck;djf.a ixLHdj 975"000 la jsh' 1964 jifraos ,xldfjs w.ue;s isrsud nKavdrkdhl yd bkaoshdkq w.ue;s ,d,a nyoqra Ydia;S% w;aika l< isrsud-Ydia;S% .sjsiqu wkqj fuu ixLHdfjka 525"000 la ioyd bkaoshdkq mqrjeisNdjh msrskeuSug;a 300"000 la ioyd ,xld mqrjeisNdjh msrskeuSug;a b;srs 150"000 miqj i,ld ne,Sug;a tl. jsh' miqj fuu 150"000 wvla ne.ska forg mqrjeisNdjh msrskeuSug tl. jsh' 1970 oYlfha w.Nd.fha W;aikak jQ B,dus hqoaOh ksid fuu .sjsiqus m%ldr bkaoSh mqrjeislu msrskeuQ ish,qu wh,qjka yg bkaoshdjg hEug bv m%ia:d fkd,enqKs' tu fya;=fjka furg b;srsj isgs msrsio we;=,;aj —bkaoSh iuNjhla˜ we;s ish,qu wh,qjkag ,xld mqrjeislu msrskeuSug 1982 oS tjlg ckdOsm;a fca wdra chjraOk tl. jsh'

fuu jsia;rh bosrsm;a lf

j;= ck;djf.a bvus m%YaKh b;d ixlSraK tlls' thg n,mdk fndfyda fya;= we;'

m%:ufhkau fmdoq ,dxlslhka fuu m%cdj ie,l=fha —msgia;rhka˜ f,isks' Tjqkaj ks, jYfhkau yeoskajQfha —bkaoSh˜ fou, kusks' ta w;ru 1982 jifra Tjqkg mqrjeislu ysusjQ ld,fha isgu furg W.%jS ;snQ B,dus hqoaOh yd fudjqkaf.a ;snQ —fou< Ndjh˜ fya;=fjka bvus ysuslula ms,sno l:dlsrSuo urKsh b,a,Sula jsh'  

fojkqj miq.sh oYl ;=kl muK ld,hl isg W.%fjuska mej;a —ckjdra.sl m%YaKh˜ o fuu ck;djf.a bvus ms,sno m%YaKh jsiod .ekSug ndOdjlaj mej;=Ks' fou< m%cdjlg —rg ueo˜ bvus whs;shla ,ndoSu isxy, wNs,dIhkag mgyeKs jsh' iuyr foaYmd,k{fhda mgq Pkaouh mrudra: Wfoid th biau;= lr fmkajSugo W;aiql jQy' uq,oSo ioyka lr we;s mrsos bvus wysus m%cdjlg rcfhka bvus ,ndoSu ms,snoj lsisoq mqrjeisfhla jsreoaOjkafka ke;' tfia bvus ,nd oqka iajrK N=us" ch N=us " r;ak N=us wdos jev igyka .Kkdjla l%shd;aul jsh' thg wu;rj uyje,s jHdmdr jeks jevigyka hgf;a f.dvska yd uvska bvus ,nd oqks' ta lsis jev ms,sfj,lg ljqreka fyda jsreoaO jQfha ke;' tfy;a j;= ck;dj wrNhd th tfia fkdjSh'

f;jkqj fuu lreK ksidu iuyr j;= ck;dj ,ehsus ldurj, iduqyslj isgSu wdrlaIdjla f,i ie,l= w;r" fjku ;ksj jeiSug wlue;s jQy' 1980 .Kka j, f,dal nexl= wdOdr hgf;a l%shd;aul jQ —kevsid˜^miqj yonsu f,i kus l<& jev igyk hgf;a ,ndoqka bvus j,g fuu ck;dj hejSug tl.lrjd .ekSug jsYd, fjfyila .kakg isoqjsh'

isjqjkqj fuu m%cdj cSj;a jQ yd csj;a jk N=usfha whs;sh ms,snoj we;s jS we;s ixlSrK;ajhh' 1975 jirg fmr fuu ck;dj mosxps jS isgs yd fiajh l< j;=lr N=usfha whs;sh ysusj ;snqfKa m%Odk jYfhka jsfoAYsh iud.us j,g yd ,dxlSh  Okj;=ka yd iud.us j,gh' tfyhska fuu m%cdjg bvus ,ndoSu ioyd tu j;= whs;s lrejkaf.a  ukdmh ,nd.; hq;= jsh' 1975 ka miqj bvus m%;sixialrK mk; iu.u jsfoaYsh yd ,dxlSh iud.us i;=j ;snQ bvus j, whs;sh rch i;=jsh' fuu rch i;=jQ bvus l,ukdlrKh lsrSfus j.lSu mejrefKa rdcH jejs,s ixia:djg yd ck;d j;= ixjraOk uKav,hgh' 1993 ka miqj fuu j;= h,s mqoa.,SlrKh lsrSu fya;=fjka fuu j;= j, l,ukdlrKh iud.us 23 g mejreKs' j;=j, whs;sh rch i;= jqjo bvus mdol lr.;a jejs,s lraudka;fha bvus j,g fuu iud.us j, wNsu;hg tfrysj l%shd lsrSug rchg fkdyels jsh'

miajkqj fuu j;= m%foaY lsisoq rdcH wdh;khl md,k jmirshlg wod, fkdjS ;snSuh' fuu m%foaY j, fkdks, whs;sho md,kho k;= jkafka j;= md,lhdg yd wod, iud.ugh' WodyrKhla f,i fuu j;= tu m%foaY j,g wod, lsisoq m%dfoAYsh iNdjlg" k.r iNdjlg fyda uy k.r iNdjlg wh;a fkdfjs' tfyhskau fuu m,d;a wdh;k j," m,d;a iNd j, fyda uOHu wdKavqfjs ck;dj Wfoid l%shd;aul jk ixjrOk fyda Y=NidOk jev ms,sfj,la .%duSh m%foaYhl ls%hd;aul jk wdldrfhkau j;=lrfha l%shd;aul fkdfjs"

ihjkqj fuu j;= wOsldrsjre yd wod, iud.us j, we;s j.lSfus iSud iys; Ndjhh' fuu j;= iud.usj, uQ,sl yd iusmQraKu j.lSula fjf;d;a th we;af;a —j;= luslrejka˜ yd — j;= fiajlhskaa˜ fjkqfjka muKs' —j;= luslrejka˜ yd — j;= fiajlhskaa˜ fkdjk fiiq j;= m%cdj Tjqkaf.a j.lSula fkdfjs yd fkdjk njo TjqyQ mqk mqkd lshd isgs;s' WodyrKhla f,i wn,ka ,hsusldur w,q;ajevshd lrkafka kus —j;= luslrejka˜ yd — j;= fiajlhskaa˜ fkdjk whf.a ,hsus ldur w,q;ajevshd lrkafka l=ulgoehs TjqyQ m%YaK lr;s' ta ioyd orK jshou lraudka;hla f,i iDOdrKshlrkafka flfiaoehs TjqyQ jsui;s' nerEreus m%YaKh we;af;a tysh' wo jk jsg o, jYfhka j;= m%cdjf.a ck.yKh ,laI 15 muK fjs' thska ,laI 06 muK jev lrkafka yd jevlrk ld,hg mosxpsj isgskafka j;=lrfhka msg;h' j;=j, oekg fiajh lrkafka 192"000 msrsila muKs' tfy;a fuu ,laI 15 fjasu uq,a ksji  fyda idudkH NdIdfjka lshk Tjqkaf.a —.u˜ j;a;h' j;= iud.us j, j.lSu we;af;a Tjqkaf.au ;ralh wkqj 192"000 gh'^tu j.lSuo bgqj ke;s nj fjku lreKls æ & wksla w;ska rdcH wdh;kj,g fuu iud.us Ndrfha mj;sk j;= we;=,g lvdmeksho fkdyel'

j;= ck;djg bvus ,ndoSfuS —wys;lr˜ M, jsmdl .eko fndfyda wh —wjOdkh˜ fhduq lr we;' miq.sh ld,fhaoS j;= luslrejka yg mrapia 07 bvula ,nd oSfus jev ms,sfj,la l%shd;aul jqKs' tu jev ms,sfj, ms,snoj j;= iud.us nsh m, l< nj o jdra:d jsh' Tjqka olajd ;snqfKa tjka ;ks f.hla f.dv ke.Sfuka oekg j;=lrfha l%shd;aul jk —frcsfuska;= l%uh˜ wfydaisjk nj;a" hus wdldrhl iajdOsk yd ksoyia ukila we;s jSu j;=lrfha lghq;= lrf.k hEug ndOdjla jsh yels nj;ah' thska .uH jkafka tjka jev ms,sfj,lg l,ukdlrKfha wdYsrajdohla fkdue;s njh' bka h,s .uHjkafka tjka jev ms,sfj,la ˜ll=f,ka weoSfus— ;;ajhka neyer l< fkdyels njh'

wo jk jsg ˜j;= lraudka;ho— we;af;a wranqohlh' wo jk jsg wfmalaIs; M,odjla ,nd .ekSug jsYd, jYfhka ridhkal fmdfydr yd j,a" os,Sr yd lDuskdYl fhojsh hq;=j we;' j;=lrfha N=usfha fidaod md,qj md,kh lr.; fkdyels ugagulska by, f.dia we;' jraIdj ld,hloS uyje,s –le

j;= m%cdjf.a bvus m%YaKhg yd wo f;a lraudka;h uqyqKfok wNsfhda.hkag uqyqK oSu ioyd hus idOkSh idlpspdjka fuu j;= m%cdjf.a yd wksl=;a nqoaOsu;=kaf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka fjuska mj;S'

ysgmq ckdOsm;s;=ud uqo,a weu;s jYfhka bosrsm;a l< 2013 wh-jeh l:dfjsoS j;=lrfha bvus fylaghdr 37"000 fnod osh hq;= njg fhdckd lf

kj rcho —yrs; N=us˜ kuska j;=luslrejka 20"000 la fjkqfjka  mrapia 07 ne.ska ksjdi f.dv k.d.ekSu ioyd bvus ,ndoSfus jev ms,sfj,la wdrusN lr we;'

j;= ck;djf.a bvus ysuslu fjkqfjka lghq;= lrk ˜j;=ck bvus ysuslu ioyd jk ck;d jHdmdrh— fus fjkqfjka jeo.;a fhdackd lsysmhla bosrsm;a lr we;' fuu fhdckd u.ska j;= ck;djg f.!rjkSh mqrjeishka f,i cSj;a jSug hus wjldYhla ,nd oSug;a" bvus ysuslu ms,sno l:sldjla wdrusn lsrSug;a yd oekg widra;l fjuska hk f;a lraudka;h hus ;r.ldrs njla ;=, l%shd;aul lr .ekSug;a wjYH idlpspduh moku ksraudKh fldg we;" fuu jHdmrh m%ldY fldg we;af;a ( oekg mdvq ,nk j;= j,ska wlalr 02 ne.ska j;= luslrejka yg jir 30 ioyd no oSug;a " fuu bvus f;a yd usY% fNd. j.djka f,i mrsir ys;ldus f.djs;eka l%u Ndjs;d fldg ire l< hq;= nj;a" j;= ksjdi ioyd mrapia 10 ne.ska ,nd oS j;= .usudk ksraudKh l< hq;= nj yd loqlr mrsir moaO;sh yd rfgs m%Odk c, fmdaIl m%foaY jk fuu l,dmh wkd.;.duS iqrlaIs; yd cd;sl jev ms,sfj,lska  wdjrKh l< hq;= nj;ah"

j;= m%cdjf.a bvus ms,sno m%YaKh we;=,q wfkl=;a iudc m%YaK yqfola Tjqkaf.a m%YaK muKla fkdfjs' fuh uq,q uy;a rgg cd;shgu n,mdk m%YaK je,ls' fuu m%YaK jsiod .ekSfuSos cd;suh fyda wfjs.d;aul f,i w.;s.duS fkdjS  idOdrK f,i yd wkd.;.dus f,i tajd jsiod.ekSug ueosy;a jSu cd;sl hq;=lfuls'

,,s;a wfnsisxy

2015

Awurudu As-Pas Kireema !

—wjqreoq wia mia lsrSu—

w,q;a wjqreoq ojia idudkHfhka lusue,su ojiah' fndfyda wh ;u fmd;a ldurdosh wia mia lr.kafka fuu ld,fhaoSh' uu;a tfia lruska isgsk jsgoSh ud us;% m%jSK mqyqKqlre ir;a jsl%ur;akhka fg,sfmdakfhka weu;=fha' ud lrk ldrahh lS jsg —wia mia lsrSu—ms,snoj fldg.u Y=rSkaf.ka oek W.;a fndfyda oE  ud iu.o fnod .kakg ksraf,daNs jsh' fndfyda jsg ir;a l:dlrk jsg wju jYfhka meh Nd.hla muK i,a,dmfhys fhfohs' ^oqrl:k weu;=u .kafkao Tyqh æ& tu ixjdoh fndfyda riuqiq;eka j,skao we;s ;rus yskdfjkakg fndfyda flgs l:dj,skao fndfyda kHdhd;aul foaYmd,kuh yd m%dfhda.sl w;aoelSus j,skao imsrsh'

fldg.u Y=rSka ir;aj oekqj;a fldg we;af;a we,aulska f;drj wia mia lrk f,ih' tjsg lsisod m%fhdackhg fkd.;a yd fkd.kakd fndfyda oE bj;a l< yelsh' tla oskla rEmjdyskS jevigyklg iyNd.S jQ jsoajf;la o fujeksu fohla mjid" Tyqf.a Ndrahdj wef.a orejka l=vd l< weos weoqus zf;d.hlaz w,audrsfha zmgjdf.kz isgs njo" fuu jsoaj;a iusm;aodhlhdf.a fm,UjSu u; tu weoqus fldgsghla f,i ilid wefoys ;nd .kakg i,iajd w,audrshg zksoyilaz ,nd oqka nj mejiSh' ir;a yd ud w;aoel we;s tx.,ka;fha wdoraYh kus tjka fndfyda NdKav ksfjia j,ska msg mosl fjSosldfjs f.dv.id we;s wkaouh' iuyr NdKav ,xldjg f.k tAug ;rus zmdjspsps l< yels fydo ugsgfusz ;snQ tAjd jqjo tu NdKav k.rfha l=Kq tl;= lr .kakd jdykhg usi wka whg bj;a lr .ekSu ;ykush æ iuyre Tjqkg Ndjas;d lsrSug wlue;s weoqus me,oqus zmrs;Hd. lsrSugz bosrsm;a fj;s' tu weoqus lkafgSkra msgska fmr lf,l zfnS,az f,io j;aufkys f;d. msgska zfkdkuskaza o  wm jeks rgj,g f.dvndhs' fndfyda jsg mosl fj,ofmdf,ys remsh,a 20-30 g jslsfkkafka tajdh' tx.,ka;fhaos iuyre fujka weoqus zTlaiamEusz jeks ixjsOdk j,g zmrs;Hd.lrz Tjqka jsiska wvq wdodhus ckhdyg us,os .ekSug i,iajd we;' fuu fj,odu zTlaiamEusz yS m%Odk wdodhus udra.hls'

cmkqka jsiska yoqkajd oqka ztia 5z ixl,amh ;=,o zbj;a lsrSuz fyda zneyer lsrSuz tys wvx.= lreKq mfyka m%Odk tla ldrKhls' cmdkhg th l< hq;=ju ;snQ fohls' ke;skus Tjqkg mj;skakg fkdyelsh' wo cmdkh wOs mdrsfNd.sl iudchls' th Okjdos wOs iQrdlEfus l%ufhau wksjdrahh tla wx.hls' ck;dj ks;sm;d- fkdkj;ajd NdKav us,oS .; hq;=h' fkdtfiakus OkjdoS wra:l%uh mj;ajdf.k hd fkdyelsh' tksid ck;dj ks;sm;d fkdkj;ajd NdKav wia-mia l< hq;=h" neyer l< hq;=h' wo jk jsg kd.rsl cmdkh bv lv uo njska nerEreus wranqohlg uqyqK md we;' tys bvla wOsl us,h' Y%S ,xld .sgdra ix.ufha m%OdkS fudfyduvs bland,a jdraIslj ixjsOdkh fldg fkdus,fha wykak n,kak i,iajk z.sgdra W;aijhgz ;reK cmdk Ys,amsfhlao iyNd.s fjhs' Tyq ;ju wjsjdylh' jsjdy fkdjkafka wehsoehs jsuiQ jsg Tyq lshd we;af;a ;uka kej;S isgsk ;ek ;j;a wfhla ;nd .ekSug bv fkdue;s njh ææ tfyhska cmdkh kqoqfraoSu ;uka iu. isgsk ldka;dj fyda msrsushd l,a bl=;a jS we;s ksid bj;a l< hq;= fyda neyer l, hq;= njg zixl,amhlaz f.k wdjfyd;a wm mqoqu jsh hq;= ke;' ;j oqrg;a wm mqoqu fkdjsh hq;af;a tu zixl,amhoz ztia-5z ixl,amh fiau wmf.a who bia uqoqkska ms,s.kakd jsgoSh'

tla wf;lska ztia-5z ixl,amh fufia fkdkj;sk neyer lsrSula lrk w;ru" wfkla wf;ka b;du ksraudkYs,S ck iuQyhla tla wdlD;shl hdka;%sl fldgia njg m;a lrhs' tho OkjdOs  l%uhl mdrsfNda.slhkag ;snsh hq;= w;HjYHh z.=Kdx.hlsz' tjka zhdka;%Sh mdrsfNd.slhkahz oekajSula weiq oqgq muKska lsisjla fkdjsuid tajd us,oS .kafka' fldg.uhka ir;ag mjid we;sf;a usksid yUdhkafka zwjYH;dz miqmi fkdj zWjukdjkaz miqmi njh' fuu zWjukdjka z yd zwjYHh;dz ms,sno woyi uQ,slju bosrsm;a lf

wmf.a wusu,d fndfyda jsg wdpsps,d lsisjla bj; odkafka ke;' l=iaisfha boq,a j;=rmjd zbj;a lrkjdz fjkqjg zme,hlg i;aldrhla f,i ztl;= lr;sz' gska ln,la jqj;a jsis fkdfldg th ys,a fldg me,hlg j;=r odkak fhdod.ks;s' fmd,a lgsgo l,hl- Ndckhl jeiaula f,i fyd orefjl= kdjkak fhdod .kS' jegfld,q f,,a,o we. W,d .kakg wrka ;n;s' wo oekajSuslrKh ;=,ska tajd iupsp,hg ,lafldg ma,diagsla j,ska ta ish,a,g wdfoAY imh;s' tajdfhys jsi uqiq njo" bj;alsrSfuos fyda jskdYlsrSfuos fyda we;sjk w;s Nhx;r mdrsirsl jskdYh" js,dis;d yd Wcdre oekajSuslrKfhka hgm;a lr we;' fuu oekajSus ksraudKlrefjda yd oekajSus tackaisj, whs;sldrfhdao ueciagsla isgshg f.diska mka jgsgshl Lyd z.fus ;df,gz ,kapS nqos;sæ

uu mdie,a hk wjOsfha udf.a ,shk fusifha we;s ,dpspq fol fufia bo-ysg wia-mia lsrSug mqreoqj isgsfhus' udf.a nd,u ke.Ksh l,a;nd ug oekqus oS ;snqfKa z,dpspq wia-mia lrk jsgz wehg oekqus fok f,ih æ udf.a ,dpspqfjka zbj;a lrkz ish,q oE bka miqj f.dv .efikafka wehf.a ,dpspqfjysh æ iuyr wjia:dj,oS wef.a ,dpspqfjs we;s uf.au foaj,a h,s wjYHh jS b,a,d isgs jdro fndfydahæ wusud iu. f.j,a wia-mia lsrSuo tf,iuh' ;reKj isgs wm bj;a lrk ish,q oE weh wmg fkdfmfkk ;ekl h,s f.dv .ihs' ir;ao lsjQ mrsos wusudjrekf.a fmdoq m%ldYkh" ˜WU,duhs wdfha Tjd fydhkafka˜æ th ienEh" u,lv ld f.k tk weK uqrspsps ish,a, zneyer fldgz miq osfkl zweKhla keoaoz hs uq,q f.a Wvq hgl=re fldg fidhhs' h,s tajd Wjukd fjhs' tjsg wusudjreka  h,s tajd f.kjs;a fohs'

wm l=vd l, wmf.a oqrska udud jk flfkl=f.a jsjdy ux.,Hhla u;lh' udud ish,a, zw,q;a fldgz w,q;a .DyNdKav j.hlao f.kjs;a zmrK NdKavz gsl gsl miaig oud uy;a w,xldr f,i ksji ilid ;snqKs' tys jsiQ iShd yjil ners ners .df;a j;a; miq mi uyd j,la lmd b;d jgskd mrK ms;a;, ,dusmq" nq,;a ;gsgq" myka yd jsYd, mvslaluso j, ouuska isgsfhah' wdpsps jyd oqj js;a zfudkjo fus lrkafkaz hehs jsuiQ jsg zfusjf.ka oeka jevla kEzhs lshuska mia msrjSh'zfukak fuydg fjkakz hehs mjid iShdj wiajid f.org hdmamqfjka tlalrf.k tAug wdpsps iu;a jQjdh'

wdpsps ztia-5z ixl,amh fkdoek bkak we;sæ

,,s;a wfnSisxy

2015 wfm%a,a